Personally I think they are mad attempting to drill through the crust.
The Earth is like a huge "Spherical Capacitor" with the crust acting like a dielectric.
What happens in the case of a capacitor when the dielectric leaks i.e. a short can occur violently,
depending on the size of the capacitance (available current that is involved in its discharge)
and the voltage present.
Normally the Capacitance has been calculated, based on the Earths curvature.
But most forget the differential across the Crust (Thickness) is driven by the Earth's temperature differential.
Remember this experiment in secondary school ?
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/48matrix_traveller/images/Gravity_003.jpg)
Now consider the Temperature Differential in the Earth.
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/48matrix_traveller/images/Gravity_004.jpg)
The Voltage differential is determined by the Temperature of the Earth's core, and atmospheric temperature
above the earths crust.
So Not sure what will happen on drilling through the Earth's crust, I guess time will tell.
I have been thinking about a recent episode involving "Remote Viewing" and have come to the conclusion,
that our seas return to under the Earth's crust via, the "Oceanic Trenches"
(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Atlantic-trench.JPG/300px-Atlantic-trench.JPG)
and returns later via. what are known as the Oceanic Ridges at present.
(http://library.thinkquest.org/22752/images/OCEAN_RIDGE.GIF)
Only a "Theory" based on what I have seen through "Remote Viewing".
But I am searching for "evidence" of this on the net.
Preferably Scientific evidence IF there is any.
http://factsanddetails.com/world.php?itemid=2212
http://www.crawford2000.co.uk/hapgood-poleshift-tectonic-slip.htm
Thousands of animals were found to be frozen in a brief moment of geological time. Ancient maps
of Antarctica suggests that it too was 'frozen over' in a brief moment in time.
It has been suggested that approximately 12,000 years ago there was a displacement of the Earth's crust.
The entire outer shell of the earth moved approximately 2,000 miles. When the Earth's crust shifted
all of Antarctica was encapsulated by the polar zone. At the same time North American was His theory
is based on the theory of Continental Drift - the continents of the earth have been slowly drifting apart
over millions of years. This is possible because the outer crust of the Earth floats upon a semi-liquid layer.
The theory of Crustal Displacement states that the entire crust of the Earth can shift in one piece
like the lose skin of an orange.
Prof. Hapgood who created this theory documented three Earth crust displacements in the last 100,000 years.
Some researchers believe that they happen every 41,000 years and that the last one happened 11,500 years
ago. Hapgood believes that this cataclysmic shift is caused by imbalanced ice at the polar caps.
Over time ice builds up at the poles reaching as much as two miles in thickness, from the Arctic Circle
and became temperate.
The tremendous weight of the ice causes an imbalance on the globe.
The ice shifts dragging the outer crust and the continents in one piece to new positions.
The polar caps are now in a warmer climate where they begin to melt.
The polar regions are now in a temperate climate where they begin to melt where temperate
regions are in the polar regions where they freeze and build up ice.
Charles H. Hapgood was a history professor who began, at the prompting of some students,
to look into the search for the lost continent of Atlantis. That lead him to the ideas
of Hugh Achincloss Brown: that the entire earth could be made to be repositioned at a radically new angle
on its axis of rotation.
Hapgood realized that the entire planet did not have to be repositioned around its axis.
Only the outer crust need move, just as the loosely peeled skin of an orange could be slid around
the unmoved inner slices. This line of thinking was published in Earth's Shifting Crust (1958),
in collaboration with James H. Campbell, a mathematician-engineer.
Hapgood ultimately revised key parts of his thinking because his calculations convinced him
that the mass of the ice cap on Antarctica could not destabilize the earth's rotation.
That book was later revised and in 1970 republished as The Path of the Pole by Charles Hapgood
in which he said:
"Polar wandering is based on the idea that the outer shell of the earth shifts about from time to time,
moving some continents toward and other continents away from the poles. Continental drift is based
on the idea that the continents move individually.
A few writers have suggested that perhaps continental drift causes polar wandering.
This book advances the notion that polar wandering is primary and causes the displacement of continents.
This book will present evidence that the last shift of the earth's crust (the lithosphere) took place
in recent time, at the close of the last ice age, and that it was the cause of the improvement in climate."
Hapgood goes on to mention to two areas where he finds much of his evidence, in data derived from studies
of geomagnetism and from carbon 14 dating. Although he argued that such global disruptions
happened repeatedly, Hapgood by then was rejecting the idea that such disruptions could happen quickly.
Based primarily on that technical data, he argued that each shift took approximately five thousand years,
followed by 20 to 30 thousand year periods with no polar movements. Also, in his calculations,
the area of movement never covered more than 40 degrees. The presence of a truly liquid layer between
the core and the outer crust would allow such slippage, moderated by inertial forces.
Looking down on the current North Pole, we can identify at least 3 previous positions of the pole,
according to Hapgood. These are shown roughly by the numbered red dots below.
In his revised version, the movements to each of these positions were not cataclysmically fast
but relatively slow. Each took about 5000 years. According to his interpretation of the evidence,
after each shift the new north pole remained in place for between 20 and 30 thousand years.
If the poles shift even as little (within 40 degrees) as Hapgood argues, then the equator moves
in significant ways. This is shown below by the red lines on the paired views of the globe).
Each pair shows two views of where the equator would be, roughly, for each position of the north pole
shown above.
The changes in position are especially noticeable by where the equator cuts across the African continent
in each situation--high, diagonally or low, compared to today.
The 3 different time periods
North Pole Position #1
From the Yukon area of North America at about 80, 000 B.P. and moving east by 75,000 B.P
to the Greenland Sea.
North Pole #2
From the Greenland Sea, starting at about 55,000 B.P. and then moving south-west by 50,000 B.P.
towards what is now Hudson Bay.
North Pole #3
From the Hudson Bay area at about 17,000 P.P. and moving north to its present location by about 12,000 B.P.
If the equator shifts, the line of tropics and sub-tropics also shifts. You can see the rough locations of shifts
from deserts to 'jungles' because of equator relocations.
Notice that what is now Brazil--and the Amazon--are would be on the equator in all 3 situations.
Saudi Arabia (and its potential for oil) would be very close in each situation.
Hapgood's chart of different locations of the North pole within the last 100,000 years.
MAPS - PIRI RE'IS MAP - HAPGOOD
The earliest maps supposedly were written on clay tablets and come from the ancient Babylonians
around 2300BC. These maps were of land lots and were used to control taxation.
There are maps made on silk from China around the 2nd century BC.
The Mayans and Incas made maps of the territories they conquered.
In the early 1300's navigators developed maps of the Mediterranean and other known coastlines.
Finally in modern times we have perfected the art of map making and navigation.
"Only since the late 1700's has it been possible to collect & record truly accurate geographic information
There is a map called Piri Re'is - dating from 1513, which was made by a man named Piri Ibn Haji Memmed,
otherwise known as Piri Re'is. This man was an Admiral in the Turkish navy.
Today we only have a fragment of the original map.
Piri claimed:
• The map was made from approximately 20 original source maps.
• The western portion of the map was obtained from Christopher Columbus
• Some of the source maps were dated from the time of Alexander the Great
• Some of the maps were based upon mathematics - (which we know is the sacred Geometry).
Charles Hapgood performed a detailed analysis of this map. He worked with students from Keene State College,
as well as with cartographers from the US Air Force. After a detailed analysis, several interesting observations
were made.
Conclusions:
•The map provided remarkably accurate latitude and longitude locations of coastal features of Africa,
North and South America, and a portion of Antarctica. (This point is contested by many people
and is addressed later in the section on Antarctica)
•The source maps themselves utilise the principles of plane geometry and an ability to account for the curvature
of the Earths surface
•The knowledge of longitude suggests either a people, or a mechanism, that are currently unknown to us.
(This is because the ability to determine longitude with any degree of accuracy is not known before AD 1700 (?) ).
•The map is based on an equidistant projection with its centre on the meridian of Alexandria in Egypt
Professor Hapgood presented a number of exhibits in his book, The Maps of the Ancient Sea Kings
to support these claims. He also presented a plethora of empirical evidence to back up these points.
To understand the method of projection examine the following map.
This is a section of an equidistant projection centred on Memphis Egypt.
This map was produced by the US Air Force.
Note the similar distortion of the coastline of the Americas between Piri and this map.
This map shows the superimposition of the portolan type projection on the equidistant projection.
Note that the numbers on the outside of the largest circle correspond with projection points on the map
of Piri Re'is.
The degree of accuracy contained in the Piri Re'is map is extraordinary. Given that the author of this map
himself claimed to have based this map, not on his own surveying skills, but rather on ancient maps
going back to the 1400's and earlier, serious questions about the development of navigation
as we currently understand it.
This is the Oronteus Finaeus World Map of 1532 - showing Antarctica.
(http://www.crawford2000.co.uk/image/ORONTOMAP.jpg)
Hapgood and his team converted this map from its current projection method into a modern projection method.
Compare the above with a modern map of Antarctica to see at a glance just how close they were.
This demonstrates that sometime in the history of the earth, before at least the 1500's a sea faring people
existed that could circumnavigate the globe and accurately survey its features. Atlantis, Mammoths,
and Crustal Displacement
Rand Flem-Ath and Graham Hancock all write that an unknown advanced civilization existed on the Antarctica
continent and was destroyed by cataclysmic shifting of the crust of the Earth.
Rand and Rose Flem-Ath in their book When the Sky Fell claim that the lost advanced civilization
of Graham Hancock was Atlantis based upon a very liberal, loose, and speculative interpretation
of the myth of Atlantis as told by Plato. Regardless of whatever a person chooses to call it,
the main claim is that the remains of advanced, lost technological civilization lie buried beneath Antarctica.
One has to wonder - if such a civilization existed, why have the ruined cities, infrastructure,
and other artefacts of a lost advanced civilization that made the source maps for the Piri Reis,
Oronteus Finaeus, and Buache maps and inspired megalithic architecture not been found?
According to Graham Hancock Fingerprints of the Gods and Rand Flem-Ath, the solution is that
the remains of this civilization lie buried beneath the Antarctic ice cap where it was destroyed and buried
by Earth crustal displacement.
(http://l1.yimg.com/bt/api/res/1.2/kB2V0ZueHQQd58BiQq_lUw--/YXBwaWQ9eW5ld3M7Y2g9NzQ3O2NyPTE7Y3c9MTAwMDtkeD0wO2R5PTA7Zmk9dWxjcm9wO2g9NDcxO3E9ODU7dz02MzA-/http://l.yimg.com/os/publish-images/news/2013-08-21/beb152ec-9861-47c6-ab42-32332b58d068_whirlpool2.jpg)
Ah Dynamics... :)
In this article I will attempt to show evidence that the Earth's seas relocate in a cyclic fashion
driven by thermodynamics.
(In some areas I have just presented pictures, to assist with understanding.)
This cycle appears to be driven by the temperature differential through the earth's crust.
Basically we have two different sources of energy;
a. Incoming energy from the Sun
and
b. Energy generated within the Earth.
The temperature differential is constantly changing, between these two sources of Energy.
To understand the behaviour of our earth's crust involving Oceanic trenches, it must be understood
that the following descriptions regarding Trenches is purely Scientific theory;
The oceanic trenches are hemispheric-scale long but narrow topographic depressions of the sea floor.
They are also the deepest parts of the ocean floor.
Oceanic trenches are a distinctive morphological feature of convergent plate boundaries.
Along convergent plate boundaries, plates move together at rates that vary from a few mm
to over ten cm per year.
A "Trench" marks the position at which the flexed, subducting slab begins to descend beneath another lithospheric slab.
"Trenches" are generally parallel to a volcanic island arc, and about 200 km (120 mi) from a volcanic arc.
Oceanic trenches typically extend 3 to 4 km (1.9 to 2.5 mi) below the level of the surrounding oceanic floor.
The greatest ocean depth to be sounded is in the Challenger Deep of the “Mariana Trench”,
at a depth of 10,911 m (35,797 ft) below sea level.
Oceanic lithosphere moves into trenches at a global rate of about 3 km2/yr.
(http://media-3.web.britannica.com/eb-media/72/3172-004-ED56131A.jpg)
(http://myweb.cwpost.liu.edu/vdivener/notes/subd_zone.gif)
(http://www.popularmechanics.com/cm/popularmechanics/images/VQ/Japan-Fault-02-0213-de.jpg)
(http://www.emsc-csem.org/Files/event/211414/blocJapon_900.jpg)
(http://www.whoi.edu/cms/images/trenches_main_206853.jpeg)
(http://zxpblog.aliapp.com/p.php?id=a/962bd40735fae6cd3b103d360fb30f2443a70fc4.jpg)
http://www.helium.com/items/2429605-how-deep-ocean-trenches-are-formed
Ocean trenches are long steep-sided depressions on the ocean floor, extending for thousands of miles in length and as little as a few miles across.
http://www.factsfornow.scholastic.com/article?product_id=nbk&type=0ta&uid=10667618&id=10002916
In places, abyssal plains drop into steep trenches.
These trenches reach the oceans’ greatest depths. The deepest of all is the “Mariana Trench”, found in
the Pacific, it measures 36,201 feet (11,034 meters) deep.
(http://www.jizoh.jp/english/pictures/JapanTrench.jpg)
The “Trenches” are of a much different phenomena than “Oceanic Ridges” or “Alpine Ridges”.
And as you can see the “Trenches” involve tectonic Plate Boundaries, where the Crust plunges back
into the Earth's Mantle.
But in the case of oceanic Ridges this is where the earth's crust is being formed and the dynamics is much different than in the earth's “Trenches”.
The “Ridges”
(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Mid-ocean_ridge_topography.gif)
And here showing both.
(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Oceanic_spreading.svg/300px-Oceanic_spreading.svg.png)
(http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/webpictures/trenches-plate_tectonic_explanation_for_trenches.jpg)
So you can plainly see the functions involving the “Oceanic Ridges” are much different than those
of the “Trenches”.
Plates are being produced through the “Oceanic Ridges”, while plates are plunging down into the Earth again.
And we have the Earth's Internal Source of energy which drives all this through thermodynamics involving Convectional eddies within the Earth's structure.
(http://img.gawkerassets.com/img/18lt8s8ibd40upng/ku-bigpic.png)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner_core
Temperature and pressure;
The temperature of the inner core can be estimated by considering both the theoretical
and the experimentally demonstrated constraints on the melting temperature of impure iron
at the pressure which iron is under at the boundary of the inner core (about 330 GPa).
These considerations suggest that its temperature is about 5,700 K (5,430 °C; 9,800 °F).
The pressure in the Earth's inner core is slightly higher than it is at the boundary between
the outer and inner cores: it ranges from about 330 to 360 gigapascals (3,300,000 to 3,600,000 atm).
Iron can be solid at such high temperatures only because its melting temperature increases dramatically
at pressures of that magnitude (see the Clausius–Clapeyron relation).
A report published in Science concludes that the melting temperature of iron at the inner core boundary
is 6230 ± 500 kelvin, roughly 1000 degrees Kelvin higher than previous estimates.
About 5,956 °C ± 226 °C
The other Component involves the cooler regions above the earth's crust, much of which comes from our sun.
(http://img.thesun.co.uk/aidemitlum/archive/01646/SNN0223A-620_1646690a.jpg)
Here are some schematics representing the Components involved and how the behaviour of our earth
is like a thermal Pump/Motor involving thermodynamics, described by a French Scientist by the name
of Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot
For the 1887–1894 president of France and nephew of Nicolas Léonard, see Marie François Sadi Carnot.
(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Sadi_Carnot.jpeg)
Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (1 June 1796 – 24 August 1832) was a French military engineer
and physicist, often described as the "father of thermodynamics".
In his only publication, the 1824 monograph Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire, Carnot gave
the first successful theory of the maximum efficiency of heat engines.
Carnot's work attracted little attention during his lifetime, but it was later used by Rudolf Clausius
and Lord Kelvin to formalize the second law of thermodynamics and define the concept of entropy.
Here are the Components of the Earth's Heat Engine/Pump.
1st the basic schematic components.
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/gallery/albums/userpics/10003/The_heat_pump_motor_compnents_01.jpg)
I will start the cycle from where it stands today.
At present the Earth is in its “Heat Motor” mode involving 2 sets of ports.
One set of Ports exhausts Material forming “Tectonic Plates”
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/gallery/albums/userpics/10003/Oceanic_Rindge_vents_04.jpg)
(http://eurjmin.geoscienceworld.org/content/17/1/7/F2.large.jpg)
(http://thegeosphere.pbworks.com/f/1269229385/diverg.jpg)
(http://origin-ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0012821X99002526-gr6.gif)
(http://www.accessscience.com/loadBinary.aspx?filename=406200FG0070.gif)
acting like conveyors.
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/gallery/albums/userpics/10003/The_heat_pump_motor_compnents_02.jpg)
The other set of “Ports” are the Oceanic Trenches...
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/gallery/albums/userpics/10003/Untitled_05.jpg)
So you can see Land is being output from the “Oceanic Ridges” and going back into the earth's interior again via. these “Trenches”. (Input)
Under normal conditions some sea water is taken down via the trenches.
http://au.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090827081046AAx80Uu
If the earth's crust is only 1% of the total volume of the earth (see source), then water would be 1/40th of 1% or 0.025%.
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_percentage_of_the_Earth's_mass_is_water
The total amount of water as a percentage of all the mass that makes up our planet is estimated at 0.023%; that's 2.3 one-hundredths of one percent !
So in fact the amount of water in the Ocean/s is very little when the Earth's size is taken into consideration.
Now there is one interesting location, which I have Identified through “Remote Viewing” which are the Izu-Bonin
and Mariana “Trenches” South of Japan.
(http://deskarati.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/mariana-trench.jpg)
Here is aother cross section drawing of the “Trench” in question.
(http://www.marianatrench.com/pics/xsection_600.jpg)
Note; The proximity of the “Oceanic Rift” to the left, of the Trench ?
The Distance between these two (Ridge & Trench) is only about 250 to 300 km.
The “Oceanic Ridge” in this area is known as The Kyushu-Palau Ridge ( NS-oriented)
Plate Velocity is....
http://geology.gsapubs.org/content/35/3/203.abstract
A new high-resolution velocity model of the Mariana arc-backarc system obtained from active-source
seismic profiling demonstrates velocity variations within the arc middle and lower crusts of intermediate
to felsic and mafic compositions. The characteristics of the oceanic-island-arc crust are a middle crust
with velocity of ?6 km/s, laterally heterogeneous lower crust with velocities of ?7 km/s, and unusually
low mantle velocities. Petrologic modeling suggests that the volume of the lower crust, composed
of restites and olivine cumulates after the extraction of the middle crust, should be significantly larger
than is observed, suggesting that a part of the lower crust, especially the cumulates, is seismically
a part of the mantle.
The plate propagation is about 2 cm (1 inch) and 6 cm (~2.5 inches) at present.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izu-Bonin-Mariana_Arc
The IBM arc system formed as a result of subduction of the western Pacific plate.
The IBM arc system now subducts mid-Jurassic to Early Cretaceous lithosphere, with younger lithosphere
in the north and older lithosphere in the south, including the oldest (~170 million years old, or Ma)
oceanic crust. Subduction rates vary from ~2 cm (1 inch) per year in the south to 6 cm (~2.5 inches)
the north.
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/gallery/albums/userpics/10003/platemotions1.jpg)
In NZ plates can move in excess of 40 mm (2 inches) per year. (constant)
Notice these figures are theoretical and do not make allowances for sudden catastrophic movements
which can be more than 20 metres ( 65.5 feet) or more as seen in the last incident near Japan in 2011.
Three different phenomenon, can cause the passage of larger quantities of seawater to be presented
to the Earth's mantle.
1. The entry of large “Furrows” into the subduction.
http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1974-76/data/pg/0059/0009/1600/1639.htm?doi=10.1306%2F83D92019-16C7-11D7-8645000102C1865D
Formation of Southwest Pacific Island Arc-Trench and Mountain Systems: Plate or Global-Vertical Tectonics?
Author(s): Wolfgang Krebs (2)
Abstract:
If one takes into account active as well as remnant or inactive trenches and island arcs,
the southwest Pacific island arc-trench system (New Zealand, Fiji plateau, New Guinea area,
Banda arc, Philippines) is a complex of bilateral symmetrical structures. As such it is generally comparable
with mountain belts; hence foredeeps and deep-sea trenches, crystalline belts and volcanic arcs,
and intermediate furrows and interarc basins, respectively, are equivalent structures.
The southwest Pacific island arcs, back-deeps, and interarc basins represent a postorogenic (subsequent)
stage and are characterized by subsidence and inversion of former intermediate massifs. The active
deep-sea trenches form narrow foredeeps in a late geosynclinal stage.
The origin of the southwest Pacific island arc-trench systems specifically and of mountain belts in general
is explained in terms of the hypothesis of global vertical tectonics.
The key areas for understanding the mountain belts and island arc-trench systems are the intermediate
massifs, intermediate furrows, and interarc basins which represent the top of diapir-like upwelling material
from the asthenosphere.
These subcrustal asthenoliths are characterized by crustal thinning, extension, inversion structures,
high mean heat flow, deep earthquakes, positive gravity anomalies, extrusion of mantle-derived
tholeiite basalts, and intrusion of ultramafic massifs.
The forces caused by the rising of asthenoliths are primarily vertical; horizontal stresses of secondary origin
are gravity controlled. Accretion ("cratonization") and destruction ("oceanization") of continental crust,
extension in the interarc basins and intermediate furrows and local shortening in the deep-sea trenches
and foredeeps are contemporaneous in island arc-trench systems and mountain belts.
Consequently the proposed model of global vertical tectonics is incompatible with the hypothesis
of plate tectonics.
Global vertical tectonics explains the evolution of island arc-trench systems and mountain belts
in a much simpler way than the hypothesis of plate tectonics, which needs some auxiliary assumptions
to interpret the bilaterally symmetrical mountain belts and the magmatic a d geophysical phenomena
behind the island arcs.
2. A mountain or mountains in the sea trying to be forced into the subduction.
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/gallery/albums/userpics/10003/Interactions_01.jpg)
Again there is only "theories" around this.
3. The Liquidation of the upper mantle due to the propagation of volcanic activity in the Philippine plate
(http://www.thelivingmoon.com/gallery/albums/userpics/10003/Izu-Bonin_Trench_Collaps_01.jpg)
As the Volcanic activity propagates through the Plates movement (see Drawing above) the support
of the above crust would become weaker and my collapse due to internal thermal eddies.
Another diagram showing the Oceanic Trench Relationships...
(http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/fosrec/images/MetzgerFig5.gif)
So eventually one of these three phenomenon or all three could contribute to catastrophic crust failure
allowing a massive flow of Seawater downward in this region through the Trench Subduction.
I saw through Remote Viewing a huge section of the Sea subside producing a rift some km wide
and probably more than 50 miles deep leaving a huge waterfall on either side of the Rift in the ocean.
So where would all this water go then ?
Through thermal interactions involving "Olivine".
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivine
The mineral Olivine (when of gem quality, it is also called peridot and chrysolite),
is a magnesium iron silicate with the formula (Mg, Fe)2SiO4. It is a common mineral
in the Earth's subsurface but weathers quickly on the surface.
(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Peridot2.jpg/544px-Peridot2.jpg)
The ratio of magnesium and iron varies between the two endmembers of the solid solution series:
forsterite (Mg-endmember) and fayalite (Fe-endmember). Compositions of olivine are commonly expressed
as molar percentages of forsterite (Fo) and fayalite (Fa) (e.g., Fo70Fa30).
Forsterite has an unusually high melting temperature at atmospheric pressure, almost 1900 °C,
but the melting temperature of fayalite is much lower (about 1200 °C).
The melting temperature varies smoothly between the two endmembers, as do other properties.
Olivine incorporates only minor amounts of elements other than oxygen, silicon, magnesium and iron.
Manganese and nickel commonly are the additional elements present in highest concentrations.
Olivine gives its name to the group of minerals with a related structure (the olivine group)
which includes tephroite (Mn2SiO4), monticellite (CaMgSiO4) and kirschsteinite (CaFeSiO4).
A Scientific article about this....
Olivine Hydration in the Deep Upper Mantle: Effects of Temperature and Silica Activity
J. R. Smyth1*, D. J. Frost2, F. Nestola2,3, C. M. Holl1, and G. Bromiley4
1Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. 2Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany. 3Dipartimento di Mineralogia e Petrologia, Università di Padova, Corso Garibaldi 37, I-35137 Padova, Italy. 4Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
NOTE;
In fact, olivine alone could sequester an amount of water nearly equivalent to the entire volume
of the ocean in just the upper 410 km of the mantle.
As a result of vast amounts of Seawater entering into the Mantle being absorbed by the Olivine a drop
in temperature takes place and the Trenches close leaning the Seas trapped under the Earth's Crust.
Due to the mechanics involving heat being generated by Gravity and the movement of the magma like material etc. inside the planet temperature rises again over thousands of years until pressures rise
to the point where the Oceanic ridges explode into catastrophic activity one again and water explodes
under high pressure into the atmosphere only to fall as rain once again flooding the Earth once again
forming the seas again.
_____________________________________________
For those interested in ancient writings and the possibilities of such phenomena having been reported
in biblical writings.
Here is some indication regarding this phenomena in history in the form of ancient writings.
Although many have tried to make a religion out of such writings does NOT mean theyb are in fact religious writings.
I view such writings as ONLY historical writings written by those who awoke toyhis in one way or other.
So 1st we can find possible references to such events in the Books of ENOCH.
The Book of E’NOCH I-XXXVI Chapter 1 verses 5 to 8
05. And all shall be smitten with fear, And the watchers shall quake,
The Watchers refer to the partitions of LIFE experiencing this Program (Earth & Universe)
NOT to be confused with Angels or even Aliens etc.
And great fear and trembling shall seize them unto the ends of the Earth.
06. And the high mountains shall be shaken, And the high hills shall be made low,
And shall melt like wax before the flame,
Sounds like an Earthquake causing subsidence to me...
07. And the Earth shall wholly rent in sunder,
And all that is upon the Earth shall perish,
"Rent in Sunder", sounds like that Trench/s opening to me !
And there shall be a judgement upon all men.
08. But with the righteous He will make peace, and will protect the elect,
and mercy shall be upon them. And they shall all belong to GOD, And they shall be prospered,
and they shall all be blessed. And HE will help them all, and LIGHT shall appear unto them,
and He will make peace with them.
So this according to these writings would take place Quote;
2. ................ I heard everything, and from them I understood as I saw,
but not for this generation, but for a remote one which is for to come.
We can find similar descriptions in the Book of the Prophet ISAIAH (O.T.) Chapter 24 Quote;
Put aside any religious thoughts and just see the writings for what is plainly written !
1. Behold, the LORD maketh the earth empty, and maketh it waste,
and turneth it upside down, and scattereth abroad the inhabitants thereof.
The Earth's Inversion ? Which I also say through "Remote Viewing".
I saw the Sun come out of the West !
2. And it shall be, as with the people, so with the priest; as with the servant,
so with his master; as with the maid, so with her mistress; as with the buyer, so with the seller;
as with the lender, so with the borrower; as with the taker of usury, so with the giver of usury to him.
3 The land shall be utterly emptied, and utterly spoiled:
for the LORD hath spoken this word.
See the books of E'NOCH re. where I have quoted from the Books of E'NOCH in the above text.
4. The earth mourneth and fadeth away, the world languisheth and fadeth away,
the haughty people of the earth do languish.
5. The earth also is defiled under the inhabitants thereof; because they have transgressed the laws,
changed the ordinance, broken the everlasting covenant.
6. Therefore hath the curse devoured the earth, and they that dwell therein are desolate:
therefore the inhabitants of the earth are burned, and few men left.
7. The new wine mourneth, the vine languisheth, all the merryhearted do sigh.
8 The mirth of tabrets ceaseth, the noise of them that rejoice endeth, the joy of the harp ceaseth.
9. They shall not drink wine with a song; strong drink shall be bitter to them that drink it.
10. The city of confusion is broken down: every house is shut up, that no man may come in.
11. There is a crying for wine in the streets; all joy is darkened, the mirth of the land is gone.
12. In the city is left desolation, and the gate is smitten with destruction.
13. When thus it shall be in the midst of the land among the people, there shall be
as the shaking of an olive tree, and as the gleaning grapes when the vintage is done.
14. They shall lift up their voice, they shall sing for the majesty of the LORD,
they shall cry aloud from the sea.
15. Wherefore glorify ye the LORD in the fires, even the name of the LORD God of Israel
in the isles of the sea.
16. From the uttermost part of the earth have we heard songs, even glory to the righteous.
But I said, My leanness, my leanness, woe unto me! the treacherous dealers have dealt treacherously;
yea, the treacherous dealers have dealt very treacherously.
17. Fear, and the pit, and the snare, are upon thee, O inhabitant of the earth.
18. And it shall come to pass, that he who fleeth from the noise of the fear
shall fall into the pit; and he that cometh up out of the midst of the pit shall be taken
in the snare: for the windows from on high are open, and the foundations of the earth do shake.
19. The earth is utterly broken down, the earth is clean dissolved,
the earth is moved exceedingly.
20. The earth shall reel to and fro like a drunkard, and shall be removed like a cottage;
and the transgression thereof shall be heavy upon it; and it shall fall, and not rise again.
21. And it shall come to pass in that day, that the LORD shall punish the host
of the high ones that are on high, and the kings of the earth upon the earth.
22. And they shall be gathered together, as prisoners are gathered in the pit,
and shall be shut up in the prison, and after many days shall they be visited.
23. Then the moon shall be confounded, and the sun ashamed, when the LORD of hosts
shall reign in mount Zion, and in Jerusalem, and before his ancients gloriously.
And in The Revelation of Jesus Christ in Chapter 12 verse 15 and 16 Quote;
15. And the serpent cast out of his mouth water as a flood after the woman,
that he might cause her to be carried away of the flood.
I saw a huge amount of water racing across the pacific ocean in both directions. and sweeping over entire continents.
16 And the earth helped the woman, and the earth opened her mouth,
and swallowed up the flood which the dragon cast out of his mouth.
Sounds very much like the waters retracting and going down through those trenches to me !
In “The Gospel According to LUKE” Chapter 21 verse 11 Quote;
11. And great earthquakes shall be in divers places, and famines, and pestilences;
and fearful sights and great signs shall there be from heaven.
Such as seeing the Souls “Processing System” and its workings ? (From Heaven)
And in verses 25 and 26 Quote;
25. And there shall be signs in the sun, and in the moon, and in the stars;
and upon the earth distress of nations, with perplexity; the sea and the waves roaring;
26. Men's hearts failing them for fear, and for looking after those things which are coming
on the earth: for the powers of heaven shall be shaken.
Again the above refers to very rough seas !
And in the “The First Book of Moses called Genesis” Chapter 7 Verses 11 and 12 Quote;
11. In the six hundredth year of Noah's life, in the second month, the seventeenth day
of the month, the same day were all the fountains of the great deep broken up,
and the windows of heaven were opened.
12. And the rain was upon the earth forty days and forty nights.
And again in Chapter 8 verse 2 and 3 the fountains are mentioned again. Quote;
2. The fountains also of the deep and the windows of heaven were stopped,
and the rain from heaven was restrained;
3. And the waters returned from off the earth continually: and after the end of the hundred and fifty days the waters were abated.
Could these “Fountains” have been the “Oceanic Ridges” ?
I think so !
So yes, biblically speaking there does appear to be record of these evens both from the Past and to take place in the future.
The great flood does appear to be describing water shooting up from the Ridges (Referred to as the “Fountains of the Deep”) into the atmosphere and coming down as rain to flood the Earth
and receding a little, to leave Oceans present on the Earth.
And in the Book of E'NOCH referring to the Earth being Quote;
07. And the Earth shall wholly rent in sunder, And all that is upon the Earth shall perish,
So what are the chances Global warming etc. is indeed leading up to these events mentioned in the Books
of E'NOCH and in the N.T. writings ?
Very high in my opinion even though I am NOT a religious person following the Roman interpretation
of the writings or the churches of humans.
Could the Earth be Inverted according to ancient Writings ?
Absolutely.... Watch this Video below...
[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=y1zyEPK5bQM[/youtube]
So a "Rotating Mass" can be rolled over or "Inverted", without the mass having to Stop then start again
in reverse Rotation contrary to many peoples belief !