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Author Topic: Bigfoot - Fact or Fiction?  (Read 42408 times)

Offline zorgon

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Bigfoot - Fact or Fiction?
« on: August 16, 2012, 05:31:28 pm »
Bigfoot - Fact or Fiction?

This library thread will look at all the good evidence. We will leave it up to the reader to decide the truth of the matter. A separate thread will be made on the Yeti, the Himalayan cousin of Bigfoot, though some of the stories may overlap because most sites consider them the same creature. The material will be in no particular order, being I post them as I find them during searches so I don't lose them again :D

Jeffrey Meldrum


Quote
D. Jeffrey Meldrum (born 1958) is an Associate Professor of Anatomy and Anthropology and Adjunct Associate Professor of the Department of Anthropology at Idaho State University. Meldrum is also Adjunct Professor of Occupational and Physical Therapy and Affiliate Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology at the Idaho Museum of Natural History.

Meldrum is an expert on foot morphology and locomotion in primates.

Biography

Meldrum received his B.S. in zoology specializing in vertebrate locomotion at Brigham Young University (BYU) in 1982, his M.S. at BYU in 1984 and a Ph.D. in anatomical sciences, with an emphasis in biological anthropology, from State University of New York at Stony Brook in 1989. He held the position of postdoctoral visiting assistant professor at Duke University Medical Center from 1989 to 1991. Meldrum worked at Northwestern University's Department of Cell, Molecular and Structural Biology for a short while in 1993 before joining the faculty of Idaho State University where he currently teaches.

Meldrum has published several academic papers ranging from vertebrate evolutionary morphology, the emergence of bipedal locomotion in modern humans and Sasquatch and is a co-editor of a series of books on paleontology. Meldrum also coedited From Biped to Strider: The Emergence of Modern Human Walking with Charles E. Hilton. He edited the textbook From Biped to Strider (Springer, 2004)

Meldrum has attracted media attention due to his interest in Bigfoot. Skeptic Brian Dunning writes that "The work of responsible scientists like Dr. Meldrum is exactly what true skeptics should be asking the Bigfoot community for, not criticizing him for it."

Meldrum was present at a 2011 expedition to Siberia to attempt to locate the Yeti. However, despite his belief in the existence of the Yeti, he publicly acknowledged that the results of the Russian expedition were most likely fraudulent. He claimed the supposed evidence found was simply an attempt by local government officials to drum up publicity.

Jeffrey Meldrum

Bigfoot Anatomy By Marguerite Holloway - Scientific American



This still image taken from a 1977 film purports to show Bigfoot in California.

Quote
Sasquatch is just a legend, right? According to the evidence, maybe not, argues Jeffrey Meldrum--a position he holds despite ostracism from his fellow anthropologists and university colleagues.

One overcast Sunday morning in 1996, Jeffrey Meldrum and his brother drove to Walla Walla, Wash., to see if they could find Paul Freeman, a man renowned in Bigfoot circles as a source of footprint casts. Meldrum—who has followed Bigfoot lore since he was a boy—had heard that Freeman was a hoaxer, “so I was very dubious,” he recalls. The brothers arrived unannounced, Meldrum says, and chatted with Freeman about his collection. Freeman said he had found tracks just that morning, but they were not good, not worth casting. The brothers wanted to see them regardless. “I thought we could use this to study the anatomy of a hoax,” Meldrum says. Instead Meldrum’s visit to a ridge in the Blue Mountains set him firmly on a quest he has been on since.

Bigfoot Anatomy By Marguerite Holloway - Scientific American


« Last Edit: August 16, 2012, 05:43:10 pm by zorgon »

Offline zorgon

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Re: Bigfoot - Fact or Fiction?
« Reply #1 on: August 16, 2012, 05:49:04 pm »
Bigfoot or Bear?



Quote
Bigfoot or bear? Impression left on the driver's side window of a pickup truck owned by Jeffrey Gonzalez. The bizarre image was left by an alleged Bigfoot in California's Sierra National Forest over Memorial Day 2011. DNA samples of the impressions will eventually determine the identity of the animal responsible for them. (See next slide for a close-up of the paw-like impression.)



Quote
Close-up of the "paw" print image. The impression was reportedly left by Bigfoot on the window of a pickup truck in the California Sierra National Forest over Memorial Day weekend 2011.



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Bigfoot or bear? Pictured is a second impression left on the rear side window of the same truck from the previous slides. According to forensic/law enforcement photographer Mickey Burrow, "What you're seeing is a swipe mark. It looks like a small hand, swiping to the left, leaving another impression, and there's hair within those areas -- you can see where the hair would be."

SOURCE Huffington Post

Offline zorgon

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Re: Bigfoot - Fact or Fiction?
« Reply #2 on: August 16, 2012, 06:03:15 pm »
The Footprints


This footprint was found over Memorial Day weekend, 2011, near Fresno, Calif. by a group of campers who were on a Bigfoot-hunting expedition. The print, measuring approximately 12 inches, was found near a truck where possible DNA evidence was left behind by more than one Bigfoot creature. SOURCE Huffington Post


This footprint was found in 2008 in the Sierra National Forest near Fresno, Calif.  SOURCE Huffington Post


Bill Willard is the leader of a group searching for evidence of a Sasquatch or Bigfoot creature, spotted by, among others, his two sons in Spotsylvania County. He is shown on May 19 in Thornburg, Va., with a plaster cast he made from a suspicious footprint several years ago. SOURCE Huffington Post


Idaho State University professor Jeffrey Meldrum displays what he said is a cast of a Bigfoot footprint from eastern Washington in September 2006. Some scientists said the school should revoke Meldrum's tenure.Huffington Post

Some scientists said the school should revoke Meldrum's tenure.

THIS is the kind of attitude that makes it IMPOSSIBLE for me to take main stream anthropologists and archaeologists seriously. What utter arrogance and audacity. And this is why many GOOD main stream scientists are afraid to even mention alternative ideas and theories.   >:(


Ken Gerhard of Houston, Texas, holds a duplicate plaster cast footprint Oct. 15, 2005, at the Texas Bigfoot Conference. The event, hosted by the Texas Bigfoot Research Center, drew enthusiasts and researchers of the legendary creature. Huffington Post


Josh Gates, host of Syfy TV's "Destination: Truth," holds a plaster cast of what Malaysian ghost hunters said was a Bigfoot footprint in 2006. Huffington Post


Al Hodgson, a volunteer guide at the Willow Creek-China Flat Musuem in California, holds up a plaster cast of an alleged Bigfoot imprint in 2000. The museum houses a collection of research material donated by the estate of Bob Titmus, who spent his life trying to track the creature Huffington Post
« Last Edit: August 16, 2012, 06:05:10 pm by zorgon »

Offline zorgon

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Re: Bigfoot - Fact or Fiction?
« Reply #3 on: August 16, 2012, 06:11:03 pm »
Bigfoot Photos


Thomas Byers snapped this photo of "Bigfoot" along Golden Valley Church Road in Rutherford County on March 22, 2011. Huffington Post


This October 2007 image was taken by an automated camera set up by a hunter in a Pennsylvania forest the previous month. Some said it was a Bigfoot creature; others believed it was just a sick bear. Huffington Post

A "sick bear?" Seriously? LOL Being a skeptic is one thing but  "sick bear?"


This still frame image from video provided by Bigfoot Global LLC shows what Whitton and Dyer claimed was a Bigfoot or Sasquatch creature in an undisclosed area of a northern Georgia forest in June 2008. Huffington Post



A film still shows what former rodeo rider Roger Patterson said is the American version of the Abominable Snowman. He said pictures of the creature, estimated at 7 1/2 feet tall, were taken northeast of Eureka, Calif., in October 1967. Huffington Post

Offline zorgon

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Re: Bigfoot - Fact or Fiction?
« Reply #4 on: August 16, 2012, 06:20:47 pm »
Bigfoot

Quote
Bigfoot, also known as sasquatch, is the name given to an ape-like creature that cryptozoologists believe inhabits forests, mainly in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. Bigfoot is usually described as a large, hairy, bipedal humanoid. The term sasquatch is an anglicized derivative of the Halkomelem word sásq’ets.

Scientists discount the existence of Bigfoot and consider it to be a combination of folklore, misidentification, and hoax, rather than a living animal, because of the lack of physical evidence and the large numbers of creatures that would be necessary to maintain a breeding population. A few scientists, such as Jane Goodall and Jeffrey Meldrum, have expressed interest and belief in the creature, with Meldrum expressing the opinion that evidence collected of alleged Bigfoot encounters warrants further evaluation and testing.

Bigfoot - Wikipedia


Frame 352 from the Patterson-Gimlin film, alleged by Roger Patterson and Robert Gimlin to show a bigfoot, and by some others to show a man in an ape suit.

Patterson-Gimlin film

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he Patterson-Gimlin film (also referred to as simply the Patterson film) is a famous short motion picture of an unidentified subject the film makers purported to be a "Bigfoot", that was supposedly filmed on October 20, 1967, by Roger Patterson (February 14, 1926 – January 15, 1972) and Robert Gimlin (October 18, 1931) on the Klamath River outside of Orleans, California. The film has been subjected to many attempts both to debunk and authenticate it. Skeptics have judged the film a hoax with a man in an ape suit, but theorists contend the film depicts a cryptid, a creature unknown to science.[citation needed]

Both Patterson and Gimlin have consistently dismissed allegations that they had hoaxed the footage by filming a man wearing a costume. Patterson died of cancer in 1972. Patterson's friend and business associate, Gimlin, has always denied being involved in any part of a possible hoax with Patterson and claims that he and his partner had encountered a real Bigfoot. Gimlin avoided publicly discussing the subject from at least the early 1970s until about the year 2000 when he began giving interviews and making

Analysis by many people at the link...

Patterson-Gimlin film - Wikipedia

Bigfoot caught on tape [original patterson footage]

[youtube]FWGYTHK3E30[/youtube]

Patterson Gimlin Bigfoot Film- Bill Munns Analysis

Bill Munns restoration and analysis of the Roger Patterson film footage as seen on National Geographic channel.





[youtube]MKUwdHex1Zs[/youtube]


Footprint casts from the 1967 Patterson-Gimlin film creature, in a display set up by Cliff Barackman. Photo by Steven Streufert, 2007.




Roger Patterson


The above is one of the casts taken by Patterson/Gimlin after filming the creature. Notice that Patterson is using his own foot to mimic the gripping posture of the toes as seen in the cast. Even human beings who go barefoot all day for a long enough period develop a naturally strong grip to their toes and leave distinctly different footprints when barefoot than a person who wears shoes all the time. I've seen this myself comparing my own barefootprints to those of hippies who have been shoeless most of their life. A shoe-wearers feet spread out when barefoot and their toes are longer and have less tensile grip... the bigfoot's foot is so thick soled and dense with muscle that there toes are naturally 'clubbed' somewhat, and I am assuming that's why pattersons soles aren't easy to define toes on? - Source
« Last Edit: August 16, 2012, 07:27:24 pm by zorgon »

Offline zorgon

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Re: Bigfoot - Fact or Fiction?
« Reply #5 on: August 16, 2012, 06:48:00 pm »
Bigfoot History



Description

Quote
Bigfoot is described in reports as a large hairy ape-like creature, in a range of 6–10 feet (2–3 m) tall, weighing in excess of 500 pounds (230 kg), and covered in dark brown or dark reddish hair. Alleged witnesses have described large eyes, a pronounced brow ridge, and a large, low-set forehead; the top of the head has been described as rounded and crested, similar to the sagittal crest of the male gorilla. Bigfoot is commonly reported to have a strong, unpleasant smell by those who claim to have encountered it. The enormous footprints for which it is named have been as large as 24 inches (60 cm) long and 8 inches (20 cm) wide. While most casts have five toes — like all known apes — some casts of alleged bigfoot tracks have had numbers ranging from two to six.[11] Some have also contained claw marks, making it likely that a portion came from known animals such as bears, which have five toes and claws. Some proponents have also claimed that bigfoot is omnivorous and mainly nocturnal.



History
Before 1958


Quote
Wildmen stories are found among the indigenous population of the Pacific Northwest. The legends existed prior to a single name for the creature. They differed in their details both regionally and between families in the same community. Similar stories of wildmen are found on every continent except Antarctica. Ecologist Robert Michael Pyle argues that most cultures have human-like giants in their folk history: "We have this need for some larger-than-life creature."

Members of the Lummi tell tales about Ts'emekwes, the local version of bigfoot. The stories are similar to each other in terms of the general descriptions of Ts'emekwes, but details about the creature's diet and activities differed between the stories of different families.

Some regional versions contained more nefarious creatures. The stiyaha or kwi-kwiyai were a nocturnal race that children were told not to say the names of lest the monsters hear and come to carry off a person—sometimes to be killed. In 1847, Paul Kane reported stories by the native people about skoocooms: a race of cannibalistic wild men living on the peak of Mount St. Helens. The skoocooms appear to have been regarded as supernatural, rather than natural.

Less menacing versions such as the one recorded by Reverend Elkanah Walker exist. In 1840, Walker, a Protestant missionary, recorded stories of giants among the Native Americans living in Spokane, Washington. The Indians claimed that these giants lived on and around the peaks of nearby mountains and stole salmon from the fishermen's nets.

Various local legends were compiled by J. W. Burns in a series of Canadian newspaper articles in the 1920s. Each language had its own name for the local version. Many names meant something along the lines of "wild man" or "hairy man" although other names described common actions it was said to perform (e.g. eating clams). Burns coined the term Sasquatch, which is from the Halkomelem sásq’ets (IPA: [?sæsq??ts]), and used it in his articles to describe a hypothetical single type of creature reflected in these various stories. Burns's articles popularized both the legend and its new name, making it well known in western Canada before it gained popularity in the United States.

Frontiersman Daniel Boone reported having shot and killed "a ten-foot, hairy giant he called a Yahoo." Folktale scholar Hugh H. Trotti has argued that Boone’s account may have been the inspiration for some of the Bigfoot stories told in North America.[23]


Overview Map of North American Bigfoot Sightings as reported by selected bigfoot research organization web sites Maps compiled using DeLorme Topo USA® and Google Earth®

After 1958

Quote
In 1951, Eric Shipton had photographed what he described as a Yeti footprint. This photograph generated considerable attention and the story of the Yeti entered into popular consciousness. The notoriety of ape-men grew over the decade, culminating in 1958 when large footprints were found in Del Norte County, California, by bulldozer operator Gerald Crew. Sets of large tracks appeared multiple times around a road-construction site in Bluff Creek. After not being taken seriously about what he was seeing, Crew brought in his friend, Bob Titmus, to cast the prints in plaster. The story was published in the Humboldt Times along with a photo of Crew holding one of the casts. Locals had been calling the unseen track-maker "Big Foot" since the late summer, which Humboldt Times columnist Andrew Genzoli shortened to "Bigfoot" in his article. Bigfoot gained international attention when the story was picked up by the Associated Press. Following the death of Ray Wallace – a local logger – his family attributed the creation of the footprints to him. The wife of Scoop Beal, the editor of the Humboldt Standard, which later combined with the Humboldt Times, in which Genzoli's story had appeared,[26] has stated that her husband was in on the hoax with Wallace.

1958 was a watershed year not just for the bigfoot story itself but also for the culture that surrounds it. The first bigfoot hunters began following the discovery of footprints at Bluff Creek, California. Within a year, Tom Slick, who had funded searches for Yeti in the Himalayas earlier in the decade, organized searches for bigfoot in the area around Bluff Creek.

As Bigfoot has become better known and a phenomenon in popular culture, sightings have spread throughout North America. In addition to the Pacific Northwest, the Great Lakes region and the Southeastern United States have had many reports of Bigfoot sightings.


Sightings of Bigfoot in USA based on information from the BFRO Geographical Database of Bigfoot/Sasquatch Sightings & Reports -8 September 2008


Founded in 1995 -- The only scientific research organization exploring the bigfoot/sasquatch mystery.
Contact us at ContactUs@BFRO.NET or Phone (408) 634-BFRO [408-634-2376]


Prominent reported sightings

Quote
About a third of all reports of Bigfoot sightings are concentrated in the Pacific Northwest, with most of the remaining reports spread throughout the rest of North America. Some Bigfoot advocates, such as cryptozoologist John Willison Green, have postulated that Bigfoot is a worldwide phenomenon. The most notable reports include:

1924:
Prospector Albert Ostman claimed to have been abducted by Sasquatch and held captive by the creatures in British Columbia.

1924:
Fred Beck claimed that he and four other miners were attacked one night in July 1924, by several "apemen" throwing rocks at their cabin in an area later called Ape Canyon, Washington. Beck said the miners shot and possibly killed at least one of the creatures, precipitating an attack on their cabin, during which the creatures bombarded the cabin with rocks and tried to break in. The supposed incident was widely reported at the time. Beck wrote a book about the alleged event in 1967, in which he argued that the creatures were mystical beings from another dimension, claiming that he had experienced psychic premonitions and visions his entire life of which the apemen were only one component. Speleologist William Halliday argued in 1983 that the story arose from an incident in which hikers from a nearby camp had thrown rocks into the canyon. There are also local rumors that pranksters harassed the men and planted faked footprints.[12]
 
1941:
Jeannie Chapman and her children said they had escaped their home when a 7.5 feet (2.3 m) tall Sasquatch approached their residence in Ruby Creek, British Columbia.

1958:
Bulldozer operator Jerry Crew took to a newspaper office a cast of one of the enormous footprints he and other workers had seen at an isolated work site at Bluff Creek, California. The crew was overseen by Wilbur L. Wallace, brother of Raymond L. Wallace. After Ray Wallace's death, his children came forward with a pair of 16-inch (41 cm) wooden feet, which they said their father had used to fake the Bigfoot tracks in 1958. Wallace is poorly regarded by many Bigfoot proponents. John Napier wrote, "I do not feel impressed with Mr. Wallace's story" regarding having over 15,000 feet (4,600 m) of film showing Bigfoot.

1967:
Roger Patterson and Robert Gimlin reported that on October 20 they had captured a purported Sasquatch on film at Bluff Creek, California. This came to be known as the Patterson-Gimlin film. Many years later, Bob Heironimus, an acquaintance of Patterson's, said that he had worn an ape costume for the making of the film.

2007:
On September 16, 2007, hunter Rick Jacobs captured an image of a supposed Sasquatch by using an automatically triggered camera attached to a tree, prompting a spokesperson for the Pennsylvania Game Commission to say that it was likely an image of "a bear with a severe case of mange." The photo was taken near the town of Ridgway, Pennsylvania, in the Allegheny National Forest.

Bigfoot - Wikipedia


« Last Edit: August 16, 2012, 07:42:36 pm by zorgon »

Offline zorgon

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Re: Bigfoot - Fact or Fiction?
« Reply #6 on: August 16, 2012, 07:53:00 pm »
Bigfoot - Known Misidentifications and Hoaxes


This is an image from a Bushnell trail camera taken on the evening of September 16, 2007, claimed to depict Bigfoot/Sasquatch/Colton.
Source: Deer hunter Rick Jacobs of Elk County, Pennsylvania took this image at the Allegheny National Forest in Northwest Pennsylvania while attempting to photograph deer for the upcoming fall hunting season. (Cropped version, as much as is needed)


Proposed explanations for sightings

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Various types of creatures have been suggested to explain both the sightings and what type of creature Bigfoot would be if it existed. The scientific community typically attributes sightings to either hoaxes or misidentification of known animals and their tracks. While cryptozoologists generally explain Bigfoot as an unknown ape, some believers in Bigfoot attribute the phenomenon to UFOs or other paranormal causes. A minority of proponents of a natural explanation have attributed Bigfoot to animals that are not apes such as the giant ground sloth.

Misidentification

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In 2007, the Pennsylvania Game Commission said that photos the Bigfoot Field Researchers Organization claimed showed a juvenile Bigfoot were most likely of a bear with mange. Jeffrey Meldrum, on the other hand, said the limb proportions of the suspected juvenile in question were not bear-like, and stated that he felt they were "more like a chimpanzee."

Hoaxes

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Both scientists and Bigfoot believers agree that many of the sightings are hoaxes or misidentified animals.

Bigfoot sightings or footprints are often demonstrably hoaxes. Author Jerome Clark argues that the Jacko Affair, involving an 1884 newspaper report of an apelike creature captured in British Columbia, was a hoax. Citing research by John Green, who found that several contemporary British Columbia newspapers regarded the alleged capture as very dubious, Clark notes that the Mainland Guardian of New Westminster, British Columbia, wrote, "Absurdity is written on the face of it."

On July 14, 2005, Tom Biscardi, a long-time Bigfoot enthusiast and CEO of Searching for Bigfoot Inc., appeared on the Coast to Coast AM paranormal radio show and announced that he was "98% sure that his group will be able to capture a Bigfoot which they have been tracking in the Happy Camp, California area." A month later, Biscardi announced on the same radio show that he had access to a captured Bigfoot and was arranging a pay-per-view event for people to see it. Biscardi appeared on Coast to Coast AM again a few days later to announce that there was no captive Bigfoot. Biscardi blamed an unnamed woman for misleading him, and the show's audience for being gullible.

On July 9, 2008, Rick Dyer and Matthew Whitton posted a video to YouTube claiming that they had discovered the body of a dead Sasquatch in a forest in northern Georgia. Tom Biscardi was contacted to investigate. Dyer and Whitton received $50,000 from Searching for Bigfoot, Inc., as a good faith gesture. The story of the men's claims was covered by many major news networks, including BBC, CNN, ABC News, and Fox News. Soon after a press conference, the alleged Bigfoot body arrived in a block of ice in a freezer with the Searching for Bigfoot team. When the contents were thawed, it was discovered that the hair was not real, the head was hollow, and the feet were rubber. Dyer and Whitton subsequently admitted it was a hoax after being confronted by Steve Kulls, executive director of Squatchdetective.com.

Gigantopithecus


Fossil jaw of Gigantopithecus blacki, an extinct primate - Click for full size

Quote
Bigfoot proponents Grover Krantz and Geoffrey Bourne believe that Bigfoot could be a relict population of Gigantopithecus. Bourne contends that as most Gigantopithecus fossils are found in China, and as many species of animals migrated across the Bering land bridge, it is not unreasonable to assume that Gigantopithecus might have as well.

The Gigantopithecus hypothesis is generally considered entirely speculative. Gigantopithecus fossils are not found in the Americas. As the only recovered fossils are of mandibles and teeth, there is some uncertainty about Gigantopithecus's locomotion. Krantz has argued, based on his extrapolation of the shape of its mandible, that Gigantopithecus blacki could have been bipedal. However, the relevant part of mandible is not present in any fossils. The mainstream view is that Gigantopithecus was quadrupedal, and it has been argued that Gigantopithecus's enormous mass would have made it difficult for it to adopt a bipedal gait.

Matt Cartmill presents another problem with the Gigantopithecus hypothesis: "The trouble with this account is that Gigantopithecus was not a hominin and maybe not even a crown-group hominoid; yet the physical evidence implies that Bigfoot is an upright biped with buttocks and a long, stout, permanently adducted hallux. These are hominin autapomorphies, not found in other mammals or other bipeds. It seems unlikely that Gigantopithecus would have evolved these uniquely hominin traits in parallel."

Bernard G. Campbellin wrote: "That Gigantopithecus is in fact extinct has been questioned by those who believe it survives as the Yeti of the Himalayas and the Sasquatch of the north-west American coast. But the evidence for these creatures is not convincing."

Extinct hominidae

Quote
A species of Paranthropus, such as Paranthropus robustus, with its crested skull and bipedal gait, was suggested by primatologist John Napier and anthropologist Gordon Strasenburg as a possible candidate for Bigfoot's identity, despite the fact that fossils of Paranthropus are found only in Africa.

Michael Rugg, of the Bigfoot Discovery Museum, presented a comparison between human, Gigantopithecus and Meganthropus skulls (reconstructions made by Grover Krantz) in episodes 131 and 132 of the Bigfoot Discovery Museum Show. He favorably compares a modern tooth suspected of coming from a bigfoot to the Meganthropus fossil teeth, noting the worn enamel on the occlusal surface. The Meganthropus fossils originated from Asia, the tooth was found in the Pacific Northwest.

Some suggest Neanderthal, Homo erectus, or Homo heidelbergensis to be the creature, but no remains of any of those species have been found in the Americas.

Interdimensional being

Quote
One fringe theory, supported by paranormal investigator Jon-Erik B

Bigfoot - Wikipedia

Offline zorgon

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Re: Bigfoot - Fact or Fiction?
« Reply #7 on: August 16, 2012, 08:04:22 pm »
Jon-Erik Beckjord


Jon-Erik Beckjord. 17 June 2006 by Matt Crowley

Quote
Jon-Erik Beckjord (April 26, 1939 – June 22, 2008) was a San Francisco-based paranormal investigator and photographer known for his far-reaching ideas regarding such phenomena as UFOs, crop circles, the Loch Ness Monster, and his specialty, Bigfoot, which he believed to be an extradimensional ghost-like entity that lives in mountains, forests, and even farmers' fields. Because of his speculation that creatures such as the Loch Ness Monster and Bigfoot may be interdimensional aliens, he was considered a fringe theorist, not only by skeptics, but also by the vast majority of his fellow cryptozoologists

Career

Quote
Born Cedric Jon Beckjord in Duluth, Minnesota, Beckjord attended the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs, Colorado for two years. He then moved on to Tulane University, where he graduated with honors in sociology in 1961. He studied law for one year at Boalt Hall at University of California, Berkeley, and later received an MBA from U.C. Berkeley in 1966. He has appeared on several nationwide radio and television shows, such as Coast to Coast AM and Good Morning America, as well as Late Night with David Letterman. He claims that he captured the Loch Ness Monster on film in 1983; this film aired on the BBC and on NBC in 1987. Beckjord briefly owned three UFO/Bigfoot/Nessie museums in Los Angeles, Malibu, and San Francisco.

Assertions and theories

Quote
Beckjord himself characterized his theories as being "no more bizarre than those of Einstein, Dr. Michio Kaku or Dr. Fred Alan Wolf," and considers many to be continuations or expansions upon Einstein's work.


The Cheshire Cat from Carroll's Alice in Wonderland is a figure Beckjord has used for illustrating his ideas regarding Bigfoot.

Beckjord believed that Bigfoot and similar cryptids may be "inter-dimensional" beings that can occasionally take physical form for brief periods of time, but that, like the famed Cheshire cat, can "fade out" and pass through "wormholes", possibly to other dimensions or parallel universes. He reported having had one of the creatures speak to him using telepathy, communicating the words "We're here, but we're not real, like what you think is real". Beckjord claimed that such entities may be able to actually disappear into thin air, or even shapeshift. "He disappeared right in front of me", he replied to one poster on his message board. He noted that other persons have had this also happen to them (see The Locals by Thom Powell, 2004).

Beckjord maintained that the interdimensional hypothesis may possibly, if proven, explain why there are thousands of alleged Bigfoot creature sightings each year, yet no dead zoological physical body is ever found. To evidence these ideas, Beckjord accumulated a large collection of enlarged photographs that he says show, among other things, "half-Bigfoots" and "invisible Bigfoots", or possible aliens. The forms are often found in situations where the camera picked up images not seen by the witnesses, often due to distance. According to Beckjord, the images show primates, carnivores and beings not readily identified within known zoological classifications that resemble descriptions of aliens submitted to investigators. He conducted much field work, such as camping out at "window sites" where, he said, Bigfoot activity is frequently seen. From 1978–1981, he collected his own photographic evidence of what he believes to be a "tribe" of either Bigfoots or aliens at El Dorado National Forest.

Beckjord's strong beliefs about Bigfoot and similar entities brought him into conflict not only with skeptics, who consider Bigfoot sightings to be a cultural phenomenon purely resulting from wishful thinking or hoaxes, but also with those who believe Bigfoot to be an actual physical creature. CNN correspondent Rusty Dornin wrote in 1997 "if it's far-fetched and unproved, Beckjord buys it."

Death

Quote
Beckjord died at the age of 69 from prostate cancer on June 22, 2008, near his home in Lafayette, California. He had been maintaining the Crosses of Lafayette monument to casualties of the Iraq War before his death

Jon-Erik Beckjord - Wikipedia

David J. Daegling. Bigfoot Exposed: An Anthropologist Examines America's Enduring Legend. Rowman Altamira, 2004. 197.

Paranormal believer Erik Beckjord dies at 69





NOTE: Jon-Erik Beckjord's Film

He claims that he captured the Loch Ness Monster on film in 1983; this film aired on the BBC and on NBC in 1987.  Beckjord briefly owned three UFO/Bigfoot/Nessie museums in Los Angeles, Malibu, and San Francisco.  The Loch Ness Monster at www.beckjord.com.

To date all traces of that film are gone... hopefully someone out there can help find it. Since his death his website is gone and so are all active links and there is no record at the wayback machine

Help finding this for the Loch Ness section would be appreciated
« Last Edit: August 16, 2012, 08:10:42 pm by zorgon »

Offline zorgon

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Re: Bigfoot - Fact or Fiction?
« Reply #8 on: August 16, 2012, 08:21:07 pm »
EVALUATION OF ALLEGED SASQUATCH FOOTPRINTS
AND THEIR INFERRED FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY


D. JEFFREY MELDRUM, Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University

Reprinted by Permission
D. JEFFREY MELDRUM, Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University

Introduction

Throughout the twentieth century, thousands of eyewitness reports of giant bipedal apes, commonly referred to as Bigfoot or Sasquatch, have emanated from the montane forests of the western United States and Canada. Hundreds of large humanoid footprints have been discovered and many have been photographed or preserved as plaster casts. As incredulous as these reports may seem, the simple fact of the matter remains -- the footprints exist and warrant evaluation. A sample of over 100 footprint casts and over 50 photographs of footprints and casts was assembled and examined, as well as several examples of fresh footprints.

Tracks in the Blue Mountains

The author examined fresh footprints first-hand in 1996, near the Umatilla National Forest, outside Walla Walla, Washington. The isolated trackway comprised in excess of 40 discernible footprints on a muddy farm road, across a plowed field, and along an irrigation ditch. The footprints measured approximately 35 cm (13.75 in) long and 13 cm (5.25 in) wide. Step length ranged from 1.0 - 1.3 m. Limited examples of faint dermatoglyphics were apparent, but deteriorated rapidly under the wet weather conditions. Individual footprints exhibited variations in toe position that were consistent with inferred walking speed and accommodation of irregularities in the substrate. A flat foot was indicated with an elongated heel segment. Seven individual footprints were preserved as casts.









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Evidence of a Midtarsal Break

Perhaps the most significant observation relating to this trackway was the evidence of a pronounced flexibility in the midtarsal joint. Several examples of midfoot pressure ridges indicate a greater range of flexion at the transverse tarsal joint than permitted in the normal human tarsus. This is especially manifest in the footprint figured below, in which a heel impression is absent. Evidently, the hindfoot was elevated at the time of contact by the midfoot. Due to the muddy conditions, the foot slipped backward, as indicated by the toe slide-ins, and a ridge of mud was pushed up behind the midtarsal region.



Patterson-Gimlin Film Subject

In October 1967, Roger Patterson and Bob Gimlin claimed to have captured on film a female Bigfoot retreating across a loamy sandbar on Bluff Creek, in northern California. The film provides a view of the plantar surface of the subject's foot, as well as several unobstructed views of step cycles. In addition to a prominent elongated heel, a midtarsal break is apparent during midstance and considerable flexion of the midtarsus can be seen during the swing phase. The subject left a long series of deeply impressed footprints. Patterson cast single examples of a right and a left footprint. The next day the site was visited by Robert Laverty, a timber management assistant and his sales crew. He took several photographs including one of a footprint exhibiting a pronounced pressure ridge in the midtarsal region. This same footprint, along with nine others in a series, was cast two weeks later by Bob Titmus, a Canadian taxidermist. A model of inferred skeletal anatomy is proposed here to account for the distinctive midtarsal pressure ridge and "half-tracks" in which the heel impression is absent. In this model the Sasquatch foot lacks a fixed longitudinal arch, but instead exhibits a high degree of midfoot flexibility at the transverse tarsal joint. Following the midtarsal break, a plastic substrate may be pushed up in a pressure ridge as propulsive force is exerted through the midfoot. An increased power arm in the foot lever system is achieved by heel elongation as opposed to arch fixation.


Photo credit: Roger Patterson ---   Photo credit: Lyle Laverty



Noteworthy is the documentation of the tracks of this same individual on a number of earlier occasions. One of the first of these was photographed by Peter Byrne near Bluff Creek in 1960. Two others were cast by Al Hodgson, of Willow Creek, one on a logging road near Notice Creek in 1962(?) and another on Bluff Creek in 1963. Another instance was photographed extensively by John Green and Rene' Dahinden on the Blue Creek Mountain Road in 1967, just over one month before the Patterson-Gimlin film was shot.


Photo credit: Peter Byrne


Photo credit: John Green

Additional Examples of "Half-Tracks"

A number of additional examples of footprints have been identified that exhibit a midtarsal break, either as a pronounced midtarsal pressure ridge or as a "half-track" produced by a foot flexed at the transverse tarsal joint . Each of these examples conforms to the predicted relative position of the transverse tarsal joint and elongated heel. The first example is documented by a set of photographs taken by Don Abbott, an anthropologist from the British Columbia Museum, in August 1967. These footprints were part of an extended trackway, comprising over a thousand footprints, along Blue Creek Mountain Road, in northern California.




Photo credit: Dan Abbott

Deputy Sheriff Denny Hereford was one of several officers investigating footprints found by loggers on the Satsop River, in Grays Harbor County, Washington, in April 1982. The subject strode from the forest across a logging landing, then doubling its stride, left a series of half-tracks on its return to the treeline. Note the indications of the fifth metatarsal and calcaneocuboid joint on the lateral margin of the cast. The proximal margin of the half-track approximates the position of the calcaneocuboid joint.



Example of Foot Pathology

The track of an individual with a presumed cripple foot was discovered in Bossburg, Washington in 1969. The malformed right foot has been previously misidentified as a case of talipes equinoverus (clubfoot). However, it is consistent with the general condition of pes cavus, specifically metatarsus adductus or possibly skewfoot. Its unilateral manifestation makes it more likely that the individual was suffering from a lesion on the spinal cord rather than a congenital deformity. Regardless of the epidemiology, the pathology highlights the evident distinctions of skeletal anatomy. The prominent bunnionettes on the lateral margin of the foot mark the positions of the calcaneocuboid and cuboideometatarsal joints, which are positioned more distal than in a human foot. This accords with the inferred position of the transverse tarsal joint and confirms the elongation of the heel segment. Furthermore, deformities and malalignments of the digits permit inferences about the positions of interphalangeal joints and relative toe lengths, as depicted in the reconstructed skeletal anatomy depicted below.



Relative Toe Length and Mobility

Variations in toe position are evident between footprints within a single trackway, as well as between individual subjects. In some instances the toes are sharply curled, leaving an undisturbed ridge of soil behind toe tips resembling "peas-in-a-pod." In other instances the toes are fully extended. In either case, the toes appear relatively longer than in humans. Among the casts made by the author in 1996 is one in which the toes were splayed, pressing the first and fifth digits into the sidewalls of the deep imprint, leaving an impression of the profile of these marginal toes. This is the first such case that I am aware of. Expressed as a percent of the combined hindfoot/midfoot, the Sasquatch toes are intermediate in length between those of humans and the reconstructed length of australopithecine toes. Furthermore, the digits frequently display a considerable range of abduction.







Compliant Gait

The dynamic signature of the footprints concurs with numerous eyewitness accounts noting the smoothness of the gait exhibited by the Sasquatch. For example, one witness stated, "...it seemed to glide or float as it moved." Absent is the vertical oscillation of the typical stiff-legged human gait. The compliant gait not only reduces peak ground reaction forces, but also avoids concentration of weight over the heel and ball, as well as increases the period of double support.


Photo credit: Roger Patterson

Conclusions

Human walking is characterized by an extended stiff-legged striding gait with distinct heel-strike and toe-off phases. Bending stresses in the digits are held low by selection for relatively short toes that participate in propulsion at the sacrifice of prehension. Efficiency and economy of muscle action during distance walking and running are maximized by reduced mobility in the tarsal joints, a fixed longitudinal arch, elastic storage in the well developed calcaneal tendon, plantar aponeurosis and deep plantar ligaments of the foot.

In contrast, the Sasquatch appear to have adapted to bipedal locomotion by employing a compliant gait on a flat flexible foot. A degree of prehensile capability has been retained in the digits by maintaining the uncoupling of the propulsive function of the hindoot from the forefoot via the midtarsal break. Digits are spared the peak forces of toe-off due to the compliant gait with its extended period of double support. This would be a efficient strategy for negotiating the steep, broken terrain of the dense montane forests of the Pacific and Intermountain West, especially for a bipedal hominoid of considerable body mass, The dynamic signatures of this adaptive pattern of gait are generally evident in the footprints examined in this study.


D. JEFFREY MELDRUM, Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University
« Last Edit: August 16, 2012, 08:39:25 pm by zorgon »

Offline zorgon

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Re: Bigfoot - Fact or Fiction?
« Reply #9 on: August 21, 2012, 04:48:45 pm »


Quote
This Bigfoot picture were taken in 2002, near Delroy, Ohio. This Bigfoot hunt scared us to death! My sons and I were charged, and rocks were thrown at us from this very bigfoot in the pictures above.

The bigfoot appeared very frightened and annoyed that we were following her. We believe this to have been a female, perhaps protecting its young.

After the photographs, we felt it best to leave the area, due to its aggressiveness.







Bigfoot Pictures - 2002
Bigfoot picture (as he peeks out from behind a tree) near Delroy, Ohio.


Offline zorgon

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Re: Bigfoot - Fact or Fiction?
« Reply #10 on: August 21, 2012, 04:53:02 pm »


Quote
This is a 1977 still photo made from a 16mm film made by Ivan Marx reportedly showing the legendary Big Foot cavorting in the hills of northern California.

source: http://www.livescience.com/






Quote
This photo was taken with a hidden camera at Moyie Springs, Northern Idaho. The owner of property noticed foot tracks some weeks earlier and set camera up in tree along path of tracks. This picture was taken from that camera mounted in the tree.

It seems that the Bigfoot took a bite of the red fir tree bark.

In the original that I have you can clearly see a piece of bark in the air. I circled the bark in the photo.

http://www.coasttocoastam.com/gen/page931.html?theme=light






Quote
This photo was taken in 1997 by a fire fighter captain on the edge of the Florida Everglades. This Bigfoot relative is known as the Skunkape in the Florida area.

The Skunkape has been sighted numerous times and there have also been footprints found and cast. It gets it's nickname from the powerful stench that often accompanies it. Reported sightings of this creature go back 30 years.

source: http://theshadowlands.net/bf.htm


Offline zorgon

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Re: Bigfoot - Fact or Fiction?
« Reply #11 on: August 21, 2012, 04:55:51 pm »
The Controversial Discovery of de Loys Ape



Louis Francois Fernand Hector de Loys, (1892-1935) was a Swiss geologist pioneer of the young science of oil fields prospecting. He travelled extensively and collected experience in Europe, Africa and America during the golden age of oil exploration. Unfortunately, de Loys is less known for his geological achievements than for a strange story about a strange photograph.

In 1920, a handful of exhausted men reached the bank of the Tarra River, a tributary of the Rio Catatumbo in the borderlands of Venezuela and Colombia. They were all what remained of a group of 20 prospectors of the Netherland oil company "Colon Development", which had ventured in the Sierra de Perije?, a range of mountains, in 1917.

In charge of the expedition, de Loy intended to geologically map and study the region for a planned exploitation of the suspected oil reserves.

The area was not only a dangerous jungle infested with tropical beasts of prey, parasites and diseases, but also inhabited by the hostile Motilones Indians. They decimated one after another of the members of the expedition. It seemed already that the expedition was a failure, but in the last part a strange encounter occurred.

One day de Loys spotted at the shores of the Rio Tarra, two large, bipedal monkeys covered with reddish fur and without tails. The two threatening animals walked upright and begun to approach the expedition, visibly irritated, shouting, brandishing with the arms and finally defecating in their own hands and using the excrements as projectiles against the expedition. Finally the frightened men decided to respond to the attack, so they shot in direction of the two apes and killed was seemed a female, meanwhile the male escaped in the jungle.

Since de Loys and his people had never seen such large monkeys, he tried to preserve the skull and take various photos of the body. However, soon the skull begun to decay and during a trip on the river the boat capsized and most of the photos of the animal were lost.

When de Loys finally returned home with the only remaining evidence, a single photography which he treasured in his notebook, he forgot about his annoying encounter with the unknown monkeys. Only years later a friend, the Swiss anthropologist George Alexis Montandon (1879-1944), accidentally rediscovered the photo.

Considering the supposed dimension of the box (45-50cm high) visible in the photography the height of the animal was estimated to range from 150 to 160cm. This seemed to confirm the measurements by Loys (157cm). Based on the dimension and the unusual human-like characteristics, especially the missing tail, in 1929 Montandon published a detailed description of the ape, which he considered a genuine species named "Ameranthropoides loysi", de Loys' American human-like ape.

The animal in the photograph displays characteristics that are not found in the monkeys of the new world, like the upright posture, the absence of a tail and 32 teeth (after the description of de Loys).

Montandon was fascinated from this sensational discovery of a supposed unknown ape species and began to collect anecdotes and legends of great apes present in remote places of South America not specifically the region of the supposed encounter.

In two stone statues of the Maya period large, 1,5m high apelike figures are pictured. Among the tribe of the "Caribi" of Guyana there is a widespread belief in the "kanaima", demons which roam the jungle armed with clubs, assaulting whoever dares to enter their reign. In Colombia these creatures are called "didi" and described as half man and half monkey. In Brazil and Venezuela there are legends of the "vastiri".

In the book "Natural History of Guiana", published by Dr. Edward Bancroft in 1769, there is a description of an encounter with a creature like an "orang-utan", and naturalist George Edwards in "A study of anthropoid life" (1757) depicts a strange ape-like creature resembling the modern photograph.

However, this publication of Ameranthropoides became accepted only by the French scientific establishment. In contrast it aroused a violent controversy by scientists from Great Britain and North America. The eminent English naturalist Sir Arthur Keith for example, affirmed that the photo showed only a species of spider monkey - Ateles Belzebuth native in the region- with the tail deliberately cut off or hidden in the photograph.

The simplest explanation, the possibility that the photo was a fraud, was refused on base of the good reputation of De Loys:

"It is sure that Francois de Loys was a man of strict science and responsibility, optimistic and friendly and featuring an intrepid spirit of adventure. It seems unlikely that such a scientist may have perpetuated the fraud of the Ameranthropoides only to gain fame. There are sufficient reasons to affirm that de Loys was not a liar, especially one unimpeachable document as the original photo taken at a time when photography and image manipulation did not exist at all."

This statement is surely too optimistic. Photo manipulation is as old as the art of photography and the dimension or characteristics of the animal in many cropped versions of the photography can not be compared to other objects apart from the strange box.

De Loys himself was very reluctant promoting the story, in the official publication of 1929 by De Loys himself about the geological expedition there is no mention of the creature or subsequent research, he published only, hustled by Montadon, an article in the Illustrated London News.

In 1998 Pierre Centlivres and Isabelle Girod finally published an article suggesting that the entire story was an idea by anthropologist Montandon.

If the myths and rumours of large ape-like creature in South America have a zoological explanation, the photo of de Loys surely has nothing to do with them.

Despite his role in the prank, (he contributed the photo and the story and later never resolved the case), he continued his promising career in the field of exploration geology.

He contracted syphilis, returned to the town of Lausanne in France where he died on October 16, 1935.

Edited by: Brenda Booth

The Controversial Discovery of de Loys Ape - UFO Casebook

Offline zorgon

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Re: Bigfoot - Fact or Fiction?
« Reply #12 on: August 21, 2012, 05:00:08 pm »
The Creature of Silver Star Mountain

Quote
These pictures were captured on Silver Star Mountain in Gifford Pinchot National Forest outside Yacolt, Washington, November 17, 2005. They were taken by a backpacker from Vancouver who says he doesn't know what the figure was, but that he does not believe that it was another hiker or backpacker.

Closer examination of the footage reveals that it is indeed a bipedal hominoid creature, but is unknown whether or not it was human. It moves with the appearance of a creature traveling through deep snow and seems to be covered in reddish brown hair.

The state of Washington has a long history of Bigfoot sightings. In October 2006, in Island county, there was a sighting near the perimeter of Deception State Park. As recently as January of 2007 a couple reports hearing possible vocalizations of Bigfoot, one half mile north of Winlock, Washington in Lewis County. It is hoped that travelers and hikers in these areas will find more evidence of these creatures. For now, it remains a mystery.

(Brenda Booth)


Photograph 1-These photographs, among the best 2007/Bigfoot/Sasquatch photographs for clarity, were taken on Silver Star Mountain, in Gifford Pinchot National Forest on November 17, 2005. Located outside of Yacolt, Washington, and taken by a backpacker.


Photograph 2


Photograph 2 enlarged

Source & References:

http://www.mysterycasebook.com/silverstarmountain.html
http://www.bfro.net/news/silver_star_mountain.asp

Offline zorgon

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Re: Bigfoot - Fact or Fiction?
« Reply #13 on: August 21, 2012, 05:05:51 pm »


Quote
Photograph of an apparent Bigfoot-like creature taken in an unknown location.

source: http://theshadowlands.net/bf.htm






KTEN.com - No One Gets You Closer
Edited by: Brenda Booth
permanent link:
http://www.mysterycasebook.com/2011/sasquatchoklahomasbigfoot.html

source & references: KTEN Local News, OK
http://www.kten.com/story/15111820/2011/07/20/sasquatch-oklahomas-bigfoot







Quote
This photograph was taken in 1992 or 1993, by Annette Crews, 10 miles NE of Morton, WA. She thought she was snapping a picture of a bear... until she realized it was walking downhill on two legs.

This is NOT one of those photos where the photographer saw the object after the fact - she took the picture for the express purpose of capturing this moving object on film.

Unfortunately, the camera had no zoom. I have seen two of the series and can personally verify that the subject's position on the hillside had changed from one picture to another.

source: http://www.oregonbigfoot.com/crews.php
« Last Edit: August 21, 2012, 05:24:37 pm by zorgon »

Offline zorgon

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Re: Bigfoot - Fact or Fiction?
« Reply #14 on: August 21, 2012, 05:08:37 pm »
The Shennongjia Wildman: China's Bigfoot



Published: 10:54 AM - 07-25-11

Reports from central China hint at yet more evidence that the so-called "Shennongjia Wildman" may actually exist. Shennongjia, in China's Hubei province, is one of the country's most rugged areas featuring mountains up to 9,840 ft (3,000 meters) tall and thick old-growth forests.

The Shennongjia National Nature Reserve , listed on UNESCO's World Network of Biosphere Reserves, protects a number of rare creatures including the endangered Golden Monkey but perhaps another, much larger primate may live there as well.

A number of sightings, supposed footprints, and samples of coarse hair have hinted at the possibility of a bigfoot-like creature existing deep in the wilds of Shennongjia. Anecdotal evidence paints a picture of a very tall, bipedal, ape-like animal with thick reddish or yellowish hair.

The latest report comes from Wang Taizhao, a local villager and farmer from nearby Chengkou county who was fertilizing his corn field early on the morning of June 2nd.

"I was so scared," said Wang in his statement to local police. "First I heard a strange noise from the woods near my corn field, which I thought to be the bark of a dog. Then I spotted a human-like creature approaching. I took a flight to my house with great haste."

Piecing together a description of the purported creature from Wang's recollection, investigators from the Public Security Bureau of Chengkou county estimated the creature was from 160cm to 170 cm tall (approximately 5.5 ft) and was covered head to toe with red and yellowish hair. It left at least 5 large, irregular footprints in Wang's cornfield, several of which were distinct enough to allow the investigators to create several plaster casts.

While the discovery of a few big footprints doesn't mean we've found a few bigfoot prints, this latest piece of the puzzle brings us a bit closer to understanding what the "Shennongjia Wildman" may 'or may not' be.

And to those who are rushing to add another branch to the human family tree, all we can suggest is 'not yeti.'

Edited by: Brenda Booth
permanent link:
http://www.mysterycasebook.com/2011/bigfootchina.html

source & references: Steve Levenstein
CHINA.new
InventorSpot.com
http://inventorspot.com/articles/chinas_bigfoot_leaves_big_footprints_chinese_cornfield

 


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