Lets see what is going on in the Liquid or gooey core. The inner part Believed (Assumed) to be solid,
we will look at later, but for now lets say the whole interior is Liquid and for now
NO solid core exists.
Don't worry Deuem,
all shall be explained regarding the interpretation of a Solid Core
Believed(
Assumed) to exist !
Here is an example of a fluid Flywheel found in the Automatic transmission of a car or truck or other transport.
The Fluid Flywheell:A fluid coupling is a hydrodynamic device used to transmit rotating mechanical power.
It has been used in automobile transmissions as an alternative to a mechanical clutch.
It also has widespread application in marine and industrial machine drives, where variable speed
operation and/or controlled start-up without shock loading of the power transmission system
is essential.
I have drawn a diagram showing the Flow of oil which completes the Coupling between the Driving
and Driven Components.
The Blue Component on the Left is the "Input" Component. The Red Component on the right
is the "Driven" Component.
The arrows show the direction of oil Flow when the Input Component on the Left is Rotated.
This flow behaviour is determined obviously by the architecture of the Mechanism.
But if we rotate a Sphere containing fluid which is influenced by its rotation. (using sticky fluid)
we get a flow in the liquid something like this, shown here in a drawing representing the Earth.
Now according to Scientist from the Earth is claimed Quote;
Most scientists agree that Earth's magnetic field arises from convection currents in the liquid
outer core, a good conductor of electricity. These currents constitute an amplifying, self-sustaining
"geodynamo."
Interesting... ? ? ?
Remember this as I go on to explain !
So
2 Toroid type electromagnetic ring systems are produced as a result.
Remembering we are looking at molten conductive rock like in a plasma form due to
its high temperature and the enormous pressure this rock is being subjected to.
Its
NOT you normal rock found in your back yard...
So lets take a look at the Theory regarding Toroidal magnetic fields regarding this.
Here is a bright young technician, who is familiar with mathematics...
Nothing wrong with his Math....
[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pCSHcftPAIM[/youtube]
Now remember his Conclusions...
As I said nothing wrong with the Math itself....
I suspect he was a good student..
But now lets take a look at what we call "
CT Transformers" and see if this Technicians Conclusions
were/are in fact Correct. ? ? ?
Like any other transformer, a current transformer has a primary winding, a magnetic core
and a secondary winding. The alternating current flowing in the primary produces
an alternating magnetic field in the core, which then induces an alternating current
in the secondary winding circuit.
An essential objective of current transformer design is to ensure that the primary and secondary
circuits are efficiently coupled, so that the secondary current bears an accurate relationship
to the primary current.
The most common design of
CT consists of a length of wire wrapped many times around
a silicon steel ring passed 'around' the circuit being measured. The
CT's primary circuit
therefore consists of a single 'turn' of conductor, with a secondary of many tens or hundreds of turns.
The primary winding may be a permanent part of the current transformer, with a heavy copper bar
to carry current through the magnetic core.
Window-type current transformers (aka zero sequence current transformers, or
ZSCT)
are also common, which can have circuit cables run through the middle of an opening in the core
to provide a single-turn primary winding. When conductors passing through a CT are not centered
in the circular (or oval) opening, slight inaccuracies may occur.
Shapes and sizes can vary depending on the end user or switchgear manufacturer.
Typical examples of low voltage single ratio metering current transformers are either ring type
or plastic moulded case.
High-voltage current transformers are mounted on porcelain bushings to insulate them from ground.
Some
CT configurations slip around the bushing of a high-voltage transformer or circuit breaker,
which automatically centers the conductor inside the
CT window.
The primary circuit is largely unaffected by the insertion of the
CT. The rated secondary current
is commonly standardized at
1 or
5 amperes. For example, a
4000:5 CT would provide
an output current of
5 amperes when the primary was passing
4000 amperes.
The secondary winding can be single ratio or multi-ratio, with five taps being common for multi-ratio
CTs.
The load, or burden, of the
CT should be of low resistance. If the voltage time integral area
is higher than the core's design rating, the core goes into saturation towards the end of each cycle,
distorting the waveform and affecting accuracy.
and
Which does
NOT appear reinforce this “Theory” according to this technician !
Referring to the Youtube video above in this Post....
Something is amiss here...
The technician here, falls into the trap of
NOT understanding Basic Dynamics
involving Centrifugal force... a very common error made by many.
More about these errors in Somamech's Thread "
A Very Simple Spinning Wheel at Low RPM"
in my forums, which I will be adding to.
http://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/transformer/current-transformer.htmlToroidal current transformers – These do not contain a primary winding. Instead, the line that carries
the current flowing in the network is threaded through a window or hole in the toroidal transformer.
Some current transformers have a "split core" which allows it to be opened, installed, and closed,
without disconnecting the circuit to which they are attached.
Bar-type current transformers – This type of current transformer uses the actual cable or bus-bar
of the main circuit as the primary winding, which is equivalent to a single turn.
They are fully insulated from the high operating voltage of the system and are usually bolted to
the current carrying device.
Current transformers can reduce or "step-down" current levels from thousands of amperes down
to a standard output of a known ratio to either 5 Amps or 1 Amp for normal operation.
Thus, small and accurate instruments and control devices can be used with
CT's because they are
insulated away from any high-voltage power lines.
There are a variety of metering applications and uses for current transformers such as with wattmeter's,
power factor meters, watt-hour meters, protective relays, or as trip coils in magnetic circuit breakers,
or
MCB's.
Just a little bit of Trivia;
I was a Production Manager, many years ago in a Transformer Manufacturing Plant Manufacturing
Transformers of all sorts of sizes and shapes, including the Manufacture of
HV Transformers etc.
for Major Power Stations....
I guess Magnetic Induction coupling exists after all in Toroids, or these
CT Transformers couldn't work ?
The Fact is, they do work.... and are used in many applications.
So as is the case in Transformers, the Phenomena is also Bi-Directional....
Generally current transformers and ammeters are used together as a matched pair in which
the design of the current transformer is such as to provide a maximum secondary current corresponding
to a full-scale deflection on the ammeter.
In most current transformers an approximate inverse turns ratio exists between the two currents
in the primary and secondary windings. This is why calibration of the
CT is generally for
a specific type of ammeter.
For most current transformers the primary and secondary currents are expressed as a ratio such as
100/5.
This means that when
100 Amps is flowing in the primary winding it will result in
5 Amps flowing
in the secondary winding. By increasing the number of secondary windings,
N2, the secondary current
can be made much smaller than the current in the primary circuit being measured.
In other words, as
N2 increases,
I2 goes down by a proportional amount.
We know from our tutorial on double wound transformers that its turns ratio is equal to:
from which we get:
As the primary usually consists of one or two turns whilst the secondary can have several
hundred turns, the ratio between the primary and secondary can be quite large. For example,
assume that the current rating of the primary winding is
100A.
The secondary winding has the standard rating of
5A. Then the ratio between the primary
and the secondary currents is
100A-to-5A, or
20:1. In other words, the primary current
is
20 times greater than the secondary current.
It should be noted however, that a current transformer rated as
100/5 is not the same as one
rated as
20/1 or subdivisions of
100/5. This is because the ratio of
100/5 expresses
the "input/output current rating" and not the actual ratio of the primary to the secondary currents.
Also note that the number of turns and the current in the primary and secondary windings are related
by an inverse proportion.
But relatively large changes in a current transformers turns ratio can be achieved by modifying
the primary turns through the
CT's window where one primary turn is equal to one pass and more
than one pass through the window results in the electrical ratio beng modified.
So for example, a current transformer with a relationship of say,
300/5A can be converted to another
of
150/5A or even
100/5A by passing the main primary conductor through its interior window two
or three times as shown. This allows a higher value current transformer to provide the maximum
output current for the ammeter when used on smaller primary current lines.
Current Transformer Primary Turns Ratio
Example No1
A bar-type current transformer which has
1 turn on its primary and
160 turns on its secondary
is to be used with a standard range of ammeters that have an internal resistance of
0.2?'s.
The ammeter is required to give a full scale deflection when the primary current is
800 Amps.
Calculate the maximum secondary current and secondary voltage across the ammeter.
Secondary Current:
Voltage across Ammeter:
We can see above that since the secondary of the current transformer is connected across
the ammeter, which has a very small resistance, the voltage drop across the secondary winding
is only
1.0 volts at full primary current. If the ammeter is removed, the secondary winding
becomes open-circuited and the transformer acts as a step-up transformer resulting in
a very high voltage equal to the ratio of:
Vp(Ns/Np) being developed across the secondary winding.
So for example, assume our current transformer from above is connected to a
480 volt
three-phase power line. Therefore:
This is why a current transformer should never be open-circuited or operated with no-load attached
when the main primary current is flowing. If the ammeter is to be removed, a short-circuit
should be placed across the secondary terminals first. This is because when the secondary
is open-circuited the iron core of the transformer operates at a high degree of saturation,
which produces an abnormally large secondary voltage, and in our simple example above,
this was calculated at
76.8kV!.
This high secondary voltage could damage the insulation or cause electric shock if the
CT's terminals
are accidentally touched.
Another Diagram showing the Primary Conductor acting as a single primary turn in the
CTTransformer Configuration.
Now if we apply the "Right hand rule" to find out north and south with regard to flow,
by wrapping our fingers around the Earth (Little version..
) with our thumb pointing to North,
then our fingers will indicate the direction of Rotation of the Hot Stuff in the Planet.
And BINGO !
The Earth does turn the Correct way to produce the North Pole in the Correct Hemisphere...
But here we are referring to the "Secondary" Rotation as theses toroids are also rotating
in the same direction of the planet at the same time.
A different form of the right-hand rule, sometimes called the right-hand grip rule
or the corkscrew-rule, is used either when a vector (such as the Euler vector) must be defined
to represent the rotation of a body, a magnetic field or a fluid, or vice versa when it is necessary
to decode the rotation vector, to understand how the corresponding rotation occurs.
This version of the rule is used in two complementary applications of Ampère's circuital law:
1. An electric current passes through a solenoid, resulting in a magnetic field.
When you wrap your right hand around the solenoid with your fingers in the direction
of the conventional current, your thumb points in the direction of the magnetic north pole.
2. An electric current passes through a straight wire. Here, the thumb points in the direction
of the conventional current (from positive to negative), and the fingers point in the direction
of the magnetic lines of flux.
The rule is also used to determine the direction of the torque vector. If you grip the imaginary
axis of rotation of the rotational force so that your fingers point in the direction of the force,
then the extended thumb points in the direction of the torque vector.
The right-hand rule is just a convention. When applying the rule to current in a straight wire
for example, the direction of the magnetic field (counter clockwise instead of clockwise
when viewed from the tip of the thumb) is a result of this convention and not an underlying physical phenomenon.
The right-hand rule as applied to motion produced with screw threads
My next post will deal with Errors involving the mapping of the Interior of the Earth and why
we make wrong assumptions regarding the internal makeup of our planet.